Cite as:
Julesz B, Gilbert E N, Shepp L A, Frisch H L, 1973, "Inability of humans to discriminate between visual textures that agree in second-order statistics -- revisited" Perception 2(4) 391 – 405
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Inability of humans to discriminate between visual textures that agree in second-order statistics -- revisited

B Julesz, E N Gilbert, L A Shepp, H L Frisch

Received 29 August 1973

Abstract. In an earlier study by Julesz (1962) pairs of random textures were generated side-by-side using a Markov process with different third-order joint-probability distributions but identical first-and second-order distributions. Such texture pairs could not be discriminated from each other by the human visual system without scrutiny. Unfortunately, Markov processes are inherently one-dimensional while the general processes underlying visual texture discrimination are two-dimensional. Here three new methods are introduced that generate two-dimensional non-Markovian textures with different third-order but identical first- and second-order statistics. All three methods generate texture pairs that cannot be discriminated from each other.

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